Gravity is a force

By Alfonso León Guillén Gómez
Reserved copyrights
1 The law of inertia according to the Classic Physics
2 Spacetime and inertia in Relativity
3 The law of inertia according to the General Relativity
5 The "free fall" of the bodies is not explained in
the General Relativity
6 It is necessary to rethinking equivalence between
inertial and gravitational masses
7 Equivalence between acceleration and field of
gravitation a mathematical and no ontological result
8 Conclusion: Gravity is a force
The General Relativity understands Gravity like inertial movement of the free fall of the bodies in curved spacetime of Lorentz. The law of inertia of Newton would be particular case of the inertial movement of the bodies in the spacetime flat of Euclides. But, in the step, of the particular to the general, breaks the law of inertia of Galilei since recovers the rectilinear uniform movement but not the repose, unless the bodies have undergone their union, although, the curved spacetime becomes flat and the curved geodesies becomes in straight lines. For General Relativity is a natural law, within of a gravitational field, the uniform accelerated movement of the bodies, that leads to that a geometric curvature puts out to the bodies of the repose state for animate them of the movement of free fallen.
In this paper this error of General Relativity, like generalization of the law of inertia of Galilei, is examined and it is found that it is caused by suppression of mass and force that allows conceiving acceleration like property of spacetime. This is a mathematical and non ontological result. Indeed, mass and force are the fundament that the gravitational acceleration is a constant value for all the bodies, independently of the magnitude of mass but not of the mass and the gravitational force. Since the action of the gravity force, on inertial and gravitational masses of a body, produces mutual cancellation during its free fallen. In addition, by means of the third law of Newton it demonstrates that gravity is a force since weight is caused by gravity force.
The static gravity (also would exist the dynamic gravity that would be the cause of the gravitational waves) responsible for universal phenomenon of attraction between bodies, that so much explains free fall as the Celestial Mechanics, is for Newton and the quantum physicists an attractive force whereas for Einstein is the effect of curved spacetime.
For Newton the gravity is a particular case of the kinematics force that when acting on a body is equal to product of its inertial mass by its acceleration. In the case of gravity force, that is exerted at least between two bodies, it is directly proportional to product of its masses and inverse to square of its distance, Fg = - G*m1*m2/d2
[ 1 ]. Such force acts instantaneously to distance, in a three-dimensional absolute space and in an uniform absolute time, according to the metric of Euclides [ 2 ]. This force causes that both bodies are accelerated towards each other, united them in its center of masses with the course of time. Indeed, on an isolated body is not exerted gravity thus body is in rest or rectilinear movement uniform.
For the
quantum relativists, the gravity is the force that transports the static
gravitational field, made up of virtual gravitons, that move at speed c [ 2 ],
[ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ]. Tom Van Flandern
has demonstrated that this speed is superluminary, otherwise would have orbital
instability [ 6 ].
In General Relativity the law of the inertia of Galilei, valid for the space of Euclides, is general law in the spacetime of Lorentz (semi riemannian). Thus, under the action of a field of gravitation, the bodies are free of all force, in inertial movement, that animate them of uniform acceleration, within of the geodesies of a curved spacetime of a local region, that tends bodies to unite in its center of masses. But, the full generalization of the inertia of Galilee for any system with Gaussian geometry the gravitational field can cause non-uniform acceleration. Therefore, gravity is caused by the change of form of curvature or gradient in a point of the field of gravitation, that is calculated by the components of the tensor of curvature of Ricci, since the symbols of Christoffel
Ґωuv, partial second order derivative of the metric tensor ds2
= guν dxudxν, which gives
distance between two closely events x + dx of spacetime [ 7 ]. Thus gravity acts through of the static
gravitational field, which is a geometric entity, devoid of energy-momentum, quantum composition
and without speed.
Paradoxically, the fundament as much in Newton as in Einstein of its conceptions on gravity is the nexus between the particular and the general although explicitly they not knew. For Newton, the gravity force is a particular case of the kinematics force. For Einstein, the gravity is generalized inertia from the space of Euclides to the spacetime of Lorentz; universally to systems with Gaussian geometry of any number of dimensions.
The main law
of the Classic Physics, that has like fundament the mechanics of
Newton-Galilei and the geometry of Euclides, is the law of inertia, which in
agreement with Galileo Galilei, its discoverer, postulates that, in
absence of forces, a body will maintain its state of relative rest or its relative
state of movement uniforms rectilinear. Thus it is defined that rest or
movement are relative states of the bodies, with respect to others, in spacetime
and, therefore, excludes absolute movement. This concept of "inertia"
is true, corresponded exactly to the Universe whenever spacetime is
flat cuasi Euclidean, that is represented by means of systems of reference of
orthogonal axes. The Universe it considers plane in two cases: 1, Plane,
absolutely valid like theoretical abstraction, for an absolutely empty space,
that physically does not exist, since vacuum is always filled with fields, free
of its sources (Aristotle was right when he said that the vacuum is something, since of the contrary the vacuum not would exist). 2. Cuasi flat, physically possible within a local region and
within infinitesimal lapses, in which mass-energy and speed tend to zero.
Thus there
are finite regions with respect to a system of reference where the
material particles move freely without accelerations and in which the laws of Special
Relativity are remarkably exact, such systems are considered cuasi inertial
systems, since the continuum of Minkowski is essentially Euclidean. One of such finite regions is the center of Earth-Moon masses falling
in the elliptical orbit around the Sun, within a relatively weak field of
gravitation.
Spacetime in
the Relativity of Einstein has two definitions: plane of Minkowski of the
Special Relativity and curved of Lorentz of the General Relativity. In agreement
with each one the law of inertia is defined.
In the
Special Relativity spacetime is represented by means of the continuum
of Minkowski (4-M) which is flat just as the space of Euclid
but that it is defined, of such form, that the speed of light is constant for
all observer and speed c is the insurmountable superior limit, while, that the
space of Euclid allows speeds that can tend to infinite. An inertial system
is defined in spacetime continuum, in change of the absolute space of
In the
General Relativity, by the principle of equivalence between inertial and
gravitational masses, all accelerated system is considered like an inertial
system although located in a gravitational field. A field of gravitation like a space in accelerated movement. Then,
the axes of coordinates of 4-M are curved according to the geometry of Riemann [ 8 ], that is a geometry with base in sphere. The result is the continuous spacetime of
Lorentz. The difference between a continuous spacetime of Riemann is that its
tangent space is Euclidean whereas in continuous of Lorentz (4-L) the tangent
space is the continuous of Minkowski 4-M. Thus in General
Relativity the spacetime of a local region is curved of Lorentz and, therefore,
within of an infinitesimal lapse of the spacetime at every event the tangent space is 4-M; consequently the speed cannot exceed c. An inertial system is defined
as a system in free fall in agreement with the local field of gravitation that
is due to all the matter of the Universe.
However, the principle of equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass that is based on equality between the two masses, established experimentally with high accuracy, is strictly valid in special relativity but, paradoxically, is false in general relativity. in 1986, Anatoli Logunov and M. Mestvirishvili showed that such equivalence is not exist. Thus, they disproved the General Relativity. According to Einstein, 1918: "the amount which has been interpreted as energy has, according to special relativity, the role of the inertial mass. .. The energy of the body at rest is equal to mass multiplied by c2 ". Anatoly Logunov and M. Mestvirishvili proved that "the system power and, therefore, the inertial mass of the same system have no physical significance, because its magnitude depends on the choice of the coordinate system of three dimensions. Indeed, a basic requirement of any definition of the inertial mass is that it must satisfy the independence of this amount from the choice of the three-dimensional coordinate system, which is valid for any physical theory. But in general relativity the definition of inertial mass does not meet this requirement" that the definition of gravitational mass whether meets. "Since the inertial mass and gravitational mass are due to different transformation laws, the transition to other three-dimensional systems of coordinates results violates the equality between the two masses". Thus "The claim that the inertial mass equals the gravitational mass in General Relativity has no physical meaning" [13]. However, einsteinian relativists have persistently ignored this fundamental mistake.
The idea of the Special Relativity that in inertial systems the movement distorts spacetime in function at speed, in such a way that is impossible exceed c, Einstein generalized it to the gravitational systems, by equivalence between inertial and gravitational masses. Thus, matter distorts spacetime and this determines like the matter it moves.
The second law of Newton defines the inertial mass of a body like the quotient between applying a force on a body and the acceleration that experiment the body. And the law of gravitation of Newton defines the gravitational mass of a body like the quotient between applying the gravitational force of a local field of gravitation on a body and the acceleration that experiment the body. Both classes of masses numerically are equal.
Also, the equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass, empirically allowed, to Einstein find that within an infinitesimal lapse of the spacetime at every event, in its tangent space is impossible to distinguish between gravitation-inertia and gravitation-acceleration. The bodies submit to the gravity, it moves in free fall, that is a movement uniformly accelerated. And the bodies subject to the gravity, it behaves of way equivalent to an inertial system, no subject to forces of interaction nor to gravitation, because in the infinitesimal lapses the tangent spacetime is flat, and by the equivalence between inertial and gravitational masses all the bodies in free fall are animated of a uniform acceleration that produces among them are in rest. The other consequence is that the systems subject, to a constant acceleration, in equal magnitude and opposed direction, of the acceleration that experience the bodies in free fall, always is equivalent to the systems subject to the gravity. But, outside of an infinitesimal lapse, the systems, in "free fall", follow curved paths by the curvature of the spacetime. Truly the equivalence, between the accelerated systems and the gravitational systems, is false since in the accelerated systems appear electromagnetic waves that, in 1976, William Unurh proved. If this experiment is performed in a vacuum, for example, inside the elevator accelerated of Einstein has been made the vacuum, "at the time when the acceleration begins the floor of the cabin emits an electromagnetic wave that it extends to the roof and then ranges from one to another "[5].
The equations of the motion in "free fall" of the General Relativity establish that movement follows the conical trajectories curves that Newton explains from gravity force. And, additionally, that the curvature, of the spacetime, causes that the bodies, in free fall, experiment the calls "force of tide", what are the equivalent in Newton of such effect of the spacetime. But the equations of the General Relativity do not explain because the movement of free fall occurs. Free fall is assumed like the natural movement of the bodies when matter curves spacetime. In addition, in 1986, Anatoly Logunov and M. Mestvirishvili, also stated that "the possibility of excluding the gravitational field in an infinitesimal region, is not correct since there is no way in which we can exclude the curvature of space (if it is nonzero) by selecting an appropriate reference frame, even with in a give accuracy" [13]. In 1949, Einstein was aware of this fundamental mistake, when General Relativity had already been adopted as the standard theory of gravity, but the einsteinian relativists insist also this fundamental mistake ignore it.
Einstein could not obtain the General Relativity from the Special Relativity, despite the great efforts that he made to formulate the law of inertia valid in the Special Relativity only for the inertial systems, to all the coordinate systems inertial or not (Anatoly Logunov, in 1986, achieved the true generalization of Special Relativity to all coordinate reference system).
The law of inertia of Einstein in its expression, in the General Relativity, is fulfilled for curved spacetime within totality of the circular conical trajectories, since the bodies subject to the gravity will remain animated of the accelerated uniform movement while on them do not act interaction forces. And the law of inertia of Galileo for spacetime flat is fulfilled within the infinitesimal lapses of the circular conical trajectories as soon as they are equivalent to inertial systems of the Special Relativity. Thus, the law of inertia of Galileo would be particular case of the law of gravity of Einstein when spacetime is flat of Euclides. "However, the field equations of general relativity are not really applicable to arbitrary coordinate systems, but apply only to members of a specific class of coordinate systems that are all diffeomorphic equivalent to each other" [17] (given two coordinates systems S1 and S2 a map f from S1 to S2 is called a diffeomorphism if f is biyecta and both, f and its inverse f-1, are differentiable). These are "only an infinitesimal fraction of all possible coordinate systems" [17].
Prior to Tom Van Flandern it is not known that this natural situation of the movement of free fall, it discusses. The author, following Tom, finds that the General Relativity like generalization of the inertial movement, when it goes of the flat spacetime to the curved spacetime, does not determine the physical reason for that the law of inertia it suspends. This establishes that a body left in rest (the planets instead of moving around the Sun, why do not remain anchored in any instantaneous position of the curve?) or rectilinear movement uniform will conserve its state. Neither, Einstein determines the mechanical cause for that the bodies in free fall follow geodesies [ 6 ].
The "free fall" is neutral bodies in a vacuum, ie only subject to the gravity. Therefore, loads are excluded, since both their masses are subjected to gravity and the loads to the electrostatic fields, magneticoestáticos or electromagnetic radiation producing "bremsstrahlung" if the load is decelerated in the electrostatic field; cyclotron radiation if the deceleration takes place in a field magneticoestático and Compton or Thomson scattering when deceleration occurs in the electromagnetic field. That is, the problem of the loads under the action of gravity, falls in a gravity-electrodynamics theory, which does not exist in Einstein's terms, whereas neutral bodies to the theory of the General Relativity. This obviously causes General Relativity is a partial theory which does not include the electromagnetic phenomenas consistently. However, the Einsteinian physicists also overlook this.
Under the assumption of the theory of General Relativity that a body, abandoned in a curved spacetime, remains in "free fall", violates the principle of Galilean relativity, which states that any change in the state of motion or rest of a body will be because of a force. It is true that the change of the uniform rectilinear motion to the motion of "free fall" seems to be a geometric effect since resetting the flat spacetime, from the curved spacetime, is recovered the rectilinear motion state, but crucially there is no such possibility for the state of rest.
Look at it another way. The apple that by a apparently inexplicable reason (no other reason that its weight) over time produces the breakage, by material fatigue, of the branch that held the tree and leaves its resting state to rush rapidly towards the center Land (why does not the apple remain suspending in the air?) can not be but by the action of that force which Newton discovered in such an event: the force of gravity and not just due the acceleration (in free fall the body is accelerated due to that its gravitational mass is canceled by its inertial mass) that the curvature of spacetime communicates to the body according to Einstein (well the thing, unless you have lost your mind, ¡the curvature would act as a force¡).
On the other hand, is not entirely true that once ceases the cause of a local curvature of spacetime is recovered the rectilinear uniform motion, for example, like would be the case in our system, if the sun will evaporate, then the planets would follow the tagencial path , because they would be preceded of the wave caused by the change of the curved spacetime to the flat spacetime.
The relativity of Einstein, born from the principle of conservation of Galileo, how can contradict it via the natural state of "free fall"? What causes that a body at rest or uniform rectilinear motion when moving from a Euclidean space to an Einstein spacetime acquires the motion of "free fall"?. The answer, like says Tom, would be the curvature. How a simply geometric curvature can cause that change?. Another thing would be if such curvature is material, ie, caused by the action of a central force, since in every point of the circular curvature would be exerting a force in the direction equidistant from the center of masses.
The deep reason of equivalence between inertial and gravitational masses is not other than the nexus between the general and the particular that is the logical cause that the curve is straight or that a man was Einstein, etc. But, the classic physics did not understand that the gravitational force is only a particular case of force in general and therefore necessarily the gravitational mass is equivalent to the inertial mass, as soon as both masses are the quotient between force applied to a body and the acceleration caused in their relative state of movement and not a simple chance or accident. If in agreement with Newton the inertial mass = force/acceleration and the gravitational mass = gravitational force/gravitational acceleration [10] then Why can they differ?. It is not understood either as this equivalence it considers as "a deep and significant fact of the physics of the world" [11] and serves indeed so that in the General Relativity formulates it like the strong principle of equivalence, the equations of field of Einstein are their personification and Einstein declares that gravity is not a force but the geometric effect of spacetime.
Such, asseveration is based on the expression used by Einstein of inertial mass * acceleration = gravitational mass * gravitational field [ 10 ], that due to the equality between both masses allows to deduce acceleration = gravitational field and thus Einstein induced the "principle of strong equivalence" that declares that intrinsically "spacetime in a region with a field of gravitation is the same thing like spacetime in a region without a field of gravitation" [11]. This is understood like "if an infinitesimal lapse is taken from a curved spacetime then it is the same thing that the flat spacetime " [11] that imply "the intrinsic identity between the gravitational and kinematic accelerations" [11] which it permits "a purely geometric interpretation of the gravity" [11]. Thus, the gravity does not produce the acceleration because the gravity is the own acceleration and the gravitational acceleration is property of the geometry of spacetime, mathematical resulted but no ontological resulted, since as much physically the mass as the force follows present. The mass is present because mass is the object of acceleration, also, in agreement with Einstein, mass-energy is the source of that contradictory "gravitational field" whenever this field is for him the geometry of spacetime. And the force is present since force is the cause of the acceleration and that the magnitude of mass does not take part in acceleration. Surely, it was for this ontological reason that for Einstein was pedant, the conclusion, full of meaning, of a physicist who said: "the acceleration of the fall of a body increases proportionally to its mass of gravitation and diminishes in equal proportion to its mass of inertia" [12], indeed the fundament that the gravitational acceleration is equal for all body independently of the magnitude of its mass but not of existence of mass nor, of force, since it is the action simultaneously of the gravitational force, of a certain field of gravitation, on the inertial and gravitational masses of a body, that produces their mutual cancellation during its free fallen. Should be borne in mind that the physical condition for that the acceleration results independent of the mass (within a given gravitational field equal acceleration, for all particle or body) is the that the force exerted by the gravitational field, in each case depends on the mass, of the particle or body, submits to its action.
The author discovers that this ontological presence of mass and force in the physical phenomenon of gravity is manifest when the free fall is finished by the encounter of the body, for example, with the surface of the Earth. Then, in agreement with the third law of Newton, to all action exerted by a force on a body a reaction produced by an equal force and of opposite sense corresponds at every moment. The reaction to the force of the surface of the Earth (action exerted by the atoms and molecules that compound the surface of the Earth), caused by the exit of the body of the geodesy, according Einstein, is well-known as the weight of the body or ¡gravity force¡. This force of reaction (weight) determines that gravity is a force and not a geometric property of spacetime. This is the result, once the gravitational mass is revealed as the object of the gravitational acceleration, free of its cancellation, by its inertial mass, during the free fall of body. Some physicists say amounts to what happens when a body animated of uniform linear motion leaves its geodesy [18] but they hide that in the Galilei-Newton theory on inertial motion, the states of rest or motion of the particles or the bodies is not caused by such geodesy, while both in Newton as Einstein the gravitational acceleration experienced by particles or bodies is derived from the gravitational field, ie for Einstein of the spacetime curvature which is the geodesy same.
Newton and Einstein are agree that a freely falling body is accelerated, but has no weight (absolutely true, because its gravitational mass is canceled by its inertial mass). They differ in that the acceleration of Newton is caused by the specific gravity which is a vector, which in the case of the Earth is pointing toward its center and its module is determined by the mass of the Earth and distance from its center, with respect of the center of the body in free fall (G * mass of earth / Distance2), while for Einstein this acceleration is caused by the curvature of spacetime, that is described by its curvature tensor (Gµν).
¡In the General Relativity the space-time curved, that would be gravity, produces a force (weight of body)¡. In the General Relativity the operational definition: weight = 4-tensor acceleration * rest mass, fake the definition of Newton because while maintaining the same mathematical structure is not conceptually never the same, because the 4-acceleration tensor, that it obtains from the covariant derivative, refers to a geometrical property kinematics of spacetime curvature and such curvature the performing a dynamic spacetime, in any case a geometric entity which exists immaterially either already as a category of the thought (relationism) or as a substance existing in the sense of itself (substantialism) [19] and that however, has a mysterious action on the real world. The Einsteinian´ physicists, in his vain attempt to reify the spacetime, speak of the fibrado of spacetime, trying to get it out with the word of its painful phantasmagoria. "The fact that Einstein identified the Rienmann´s metric of the spacetime with the gravitational field, deprives it of all the properties that a Faraday Maxwell field has". "The gravitational field is not a physical field that has an energy-momentum density." " The fundamental law of conservation of energy-momentum of matter and the gravitational field as a whole does not exist" [13]. Indeed, the Einstein equivalence principle, fundament of the General Relativity, is derived from the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass, and the gravitational mass is obtained operationally from the weight.
The space (vacuum), not subjugated to gravity, ie, towards the infinite or in the infinitesimal lapse, locally is at rest at any point and this will cause all the bodies from the perspective of space (ie, vacuum) are in relative rest. To animate to the bodies of relative motion, it requires the action of forces of different module. To curve the vacuum, which means that its 4-dimensional geometric structure (spacetime ) [19] is curved, it requires the action of different forces acting on the points of the vacuum (indirectly on spacetime, that is known like space, since the antique) according to the presence of mass-energy of the bodies, with flux and energy density differents in them. Thus, the matter (like substance, energy and vacuum) involves the action of forces on the structure, that cause the spacetime it curves, in some grade, according with the equivalence between moment-energy tensor and the curvature tensor of the Einstein equation for the regions with mass and the tensor of Weyl for the vacuum. This structural curvature (spacetime) is the consequence of the matter subjugated to the gravity. The interaction, between the material content and the geometric shape, gives the structure to the content. Gravity is the action of forces transmitted to the bodies, from them, either by contact or through of the vacuum, which is one of the forms of the material existence, which leads to the conception of quantum gravity that define it as a fundamental force. General Relativity is a theory wrong about gravity, its merit is mainly by capture the curved vacuum, (by the force of the gravity, the masses take the spherical shape, the electromagnetic waves suffer deflection, due to the potential gravitational and to the curved spacetime, and the vacuum it curves). But, no the naked spacetime (the spacetime is the structural property of the matter in motion. At the time of Einstein, the spacetime was thought to be naked; the space was believed to be the absolute vacuum). This curve affect the motion of bodies, but not in terms of general relativity, for that reason, in the celestial mechanics, the calculations of planetary motion and of the Moon are being included relativistic terms. This is done using so-called parameterized post-Newtonian equations PPN (PPN parameter α measures the curvature of space (truly, the curvature of the vacuum) and PPN parameter β measures the no linearity of the superposition of gravity). Thus, the electromagnetic waves suffer deflection, the Shapiro delay and the effect of gravitational lens. Also, the massive bodies (like planets) interact with the vacuum producing the gravitomagnetism interior and exterior. The fact that the vacuum, under the static gravity field, it curves, truly is a discovery of the author.
Of course, the effects of gravity that we have considered are two: The mechanic referred to the states of free fall and rest in a gravitational field of the bodies and the structure in relation to the form of the large bodies and of the vacuum, under the gravitational field. Also, we have referred to celestial mechanics understood as the result of the concurrence of both the free-fall and the curvature of the vacuum, being the determining factor the free fall and the secundary the curvature of the vacuum, both effects of gravity, directly in the mechanics and indirectly on the spacetime, geometric structural quality of the matter. To complete the scenery of the massive bodies, the energy and the vacuum, since of the perspective of the movement, under the action of gravity, we have introduced the hypothesis that the deflection of the electromagnetic wave is the result of their interaction with the virtual graviton, which is the same with the gravitational potential, and the curvature of the vacuum, ie, under the universal law of celestial mechanics, under the action of static gravitational field, or what is the same under the force of gravity. On the other hand, it is clear that the vacuum, as is material, is curved by the action of the static gravitational field, as generally happens with the matter.
Einstein's equations of motion of general relativity must be rewritten to include the effect of the gravitational interaction that does not come from the curvature, but of the virtual graviton, ie it requires a new model, similar but different to that created by the Dr. Sergei Kopeikin when he rewrote the equations of general relativity, in order to include the effect of the preformation of the gravity wave to measure the gravitational wave velocity that did not work. In this case is to include the quantum effect of the gravitational potential, ie, transmission of momentum, caused by the force of gravity. No doubt, the theory of gravitation that under the principle of conservation of energy and momentum of matter and gravitational field taken together, meet the requirements of defining gravity as a physical field, with energy and momentum, and includes the local curvature of spacetime (according to the author, the curvature of the vacuum), is the theory of Logunov and Mestvirishvili: "The Relativistic theory of Gravitation" [13]. However, as it is derived from the relativity of Minkowski and Poincare does not support speeds greater than c (since they exist, at least for some virtual particles, one is precisely the graviton [14]) fundamental limitation, that could perhaps overcome, by his revision using the theory "Superluminal Relativity Related To Nuclear Forces and Structures" of Petar K. Anastasovski [15] or with the considerations, on the scale of the quantum gravity, of separating the time from the space, returning to Newton, at "Spectral Dimension of the Universe in Quantum Gravity at a Lifshitz Point" of Petr Horava [16]. But for now we continue applying equations parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN), which are the used currently.
The phenomenon of gravity has two mechanical states: The first is the free fall of bodies, without weight and the second is the bodies in rest on gravitational fields, with weight. In free-fall is manifested only as a acceleration; while in rest is manifested only as a force. Newton on the day that the apple hit him (no matter if it's fable) felt the weight and he understood the gravity as a force. While, on the happier day, Einstein imagined that if he were in free fall would have no weight and he understood gravity as only acceleration. Newton and Einstein understood the gravity only as one of his two mechanic states. Newton was right because he coincided with the fundamental expression (in short a stroke of luck), but not Einstein who, in their role as opponent of Newton, assumed the secondary aspect as true. Gravity is a force.
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